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7. Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Theological Anthropology

Here I point to a very important and rapidly rising development on the frontier of ‘theology and science’: the relations between theological anthropology, artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics. For a Teachers’ File see Anne Foerst, "Artificial Intelligence: Walking the Boundary," Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science 31.4(December 1996).Anne FoerstAnne Foerst, "Cog, a Humanoid Robot, and the Question of the Image of God," Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science 33.1(March 1998): 91-111. For responses to Foerst, see Helmut Reich, "Cog... describes the construction of Cog, a humanoid robot at MIT, and its implications for the imago dei According to Foerst, the emotions that Cog raises in us warrant theological reflection. Moreover, as an example of embodied AI, discussions of Cog can avoid the usual arguments against classical AI and lead us instead to consider a symbolic interpretation of the imago dei as performative and relational. Finally, viewing Cog within the context of creation, and the image of God in light of Cog research, serve to enriche our perspectives on, and appreciation of, human reality. Foerst has offered a course at MIT on “God and Computers” which provides an extensive bibliography on AI (classical and embodied), philosophy of mind, ‘artificial humans’, and relates the assumptions and worldviews in AI camps to myths in Jewish and Christian traditions.The website is: www.ai.mit.edu/people/annef. Note the recent conference Foerst organized at MIT on "Identity, Formation, Dignity: The Impacts of Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science Upon...

In her recent doctoral disseration, Noreen Herzfeld starts with a relational interpretation of the imago Dei rather than viewing it in terms of properties or responsibilities; she then argues for a complex correlation between the search for AI and a relational interpretation of the imago Dei. “The history of failure in symbolic AI, built on a substantialist premise, provides strong support for a relational model of the imago Dei” while the latter provides a “plausible explanation” for the continuing interest in AI despite little progress in the field.Noreen Herzfeld, Imago Dei / Imago Hominis: Artificial Intelligence and the Human Need for Redemption ((GTU Doctoral Dissertation), 1999), Proposal, p. 4.Other recent essays include those by Christopher F. Mooney,S. J. Mooney, Christopher F., Theology and Scientific Knowledge: Changing Models of God's Presence in the World (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1996), Ch. 5.Alejandro Garcia-RiveraAlejandro Garcia-Rivera, "Artificial Intelligence and de las Casas: A 1492 Resonance," Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science 28.4(December 1993).and Norris Palmer.Norris W. Palmer, "Should I Baptize My Robot?: What Interviews with Some Prominent Scientists Reveal About the Spiritual Quest," CTNS Bulletin 17.4(Fall 1997).

Contributed by: Dr. Robert Russell

Theology and Science: Current Issues and Future Directions

Introduction
Part I: Method in Theology and Science
    A. Typologies (‘Ways of Relating Science and Religion’)
    B. Critical Realism: The Original ‘Bridge’ Between Science and Religion.
    C. Further Developments in Methodology: Pannenberg, Murphy, Clayton
    D. Anti-Reductionism
       1. Three Types Of Reductionism
       2. A Non-Reducible Hierarchy of The Sciences
       3. Non-Foundational (Holist) Epistemology
    E. Ontological Implications
    F. Metaphysical System vs. Specific Philosophical Issues
    G. Summary of Critical Realism and Open Issues
  Part 2: Developments and Current Issues in Christian Theology and Natural Science
    A. God and Nature
       1. Time and Eternity
       2. Divine Action
          a) Agential Models of God’s Interaction With the World
          b) Agential Models of Embodiment and Non-Embodiment
          c) Metaphysical Systems and Divine Action
    B. Creation and Cosmology
       1. Big Bang Cosmology
          a) t=0
          b) The Anthropic Principle (AP)
       2. Inflationary Big Bang and Quantum Cosmologies
          a) t=0 revisited
          b) The Anthropic Principle Revisited
          c) Final Remark
    C. Creation and Evolution
       1. Two Philosophical Issues Raised By Evolution: Holism and Teleology
          a) Holist Versus Reductionist Accounts
          b) Teleology in Biology
       2. Evolution and Continuous Creation
    D. Theological Anthropology and Evolutionary Biology and The Cognitive Sciences
       1. Reformulation of ‘Body and Soul’
       2. The Person as a Psychosomatic Unity
       3. The Person in Process Thought
       4. The Person in Feminist Theology
       5. A Physicalist Approach to the Person
       6. The Person in Light of Human Genetics
       7. Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Theological Anthropology
    E: Redemption, Evolution and Cosmology
       1. Christology
          a) Christology and Quantum Complementarity
          b) Christology in an Evolutionary Perspective
          c) The Resurrection in Relation to Science
       2. Theodicy
       3. Eschatology
          a) Eschatology and the Earth
          b) Eschatology and ‘Philosophical Cosmology’
          c) Eschatology and Scientific Cosmology
  Part 3: Challenges and Future Directions
    A. Feminist Critiques of Science and Of Theology and Science
       1. Feminist Critiques of Science
       2. Feminist Critiques of ‘Science and Religion’
    B. Post-Modern Challenges to Science and to Theology and Science
    C. Inter-Religious Dialogue, World Spiritualities, and Science
       1. Dialogue Between a Specific Religion and Science
       2. Interreligious Dialogue with Science
    D. History of Science and Religion
       1. Exposing the ‘Conflict’ Myth
       2. The ‘Religious Origins’ Thesis
    E. Theological and Philosophical Implications for Science: An Interaction Model of Theology and Science
       1. From Physics to Theology
       2. From Theology to Physics
       3. Results
  Appendix: Teaching Resources and Programs in Science and Religion
    i ) Textbooks and Overview Articles
    ii) Teaching Resources
    iii) Programs
    iv) Journals
    v) Websites

Source:


Dr. Robert J. Russell

See also:

Genetics
Evolution
Physics and Cosmology
History
Ethics
The Cognitive and Neurosciences
Computing
Ecology
Philosophy
Theology
The Relation of Science & Religion
Purpose and Design
The Faith of Scientists
Literal and Symbolic Truths
What Science Can Learn From Religion
What Religion Can Learn From Science
Books on Science and Religion - General
Books on Physics and Theology
Books on Biology, Genetics and Theology
Books on Neuroscience and Theology
Books on Information Technology