of Embryonic Stem Cells from Differentiated Somatic Cells José Cibelli . Vice President of Research, Advanced Cell Technology Transgenic ES-like cells were injected into preimplantation embryos and

Differentiated Cells Cells that are specialized for a particular function (i.e. heart muscle or blood cell) and do not maintain the ability to generate other kinds of cells, or revert back to a less specialized cell (like stem cells

animal studies that stem cells can be made to differentiate into cells of choice, and that these cells will act properly in their transplanted environment. In human beings, transplants of hematopoietic stem cells (the cells which eventually

Stem Cells Stem cells are essentially undifferentiated cells. There are many kinds of stem cells, some more differentiated than others. When they divide, their progeny mature and specialize into a specific type of cell (i.e.

Totipotent stem cells are cells that can give rise to a fully functional organism as well as to every cell type of the body. Pluripotent stem cells are capable of giving rise to virtually any tissue type, but not to a functioning

implantation of fetal cells into their brain with some benefit. Although not completely effective, perhaps owing to lack of sufficient numbers of dopamine secreting cells, similar experiments using appropriately differentiated stem cells

as the source. Somatic cells might become the source for pluripotent cells. Then we would experience a shift in ethical ground tantamount to an earthquake. Initially and naively, we could breathe a sigh of relief. If

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lead him to study ES cells as a potential model system. Together with colleagues at Washington University, he demonstrated that ES cells could be efficiently differentiated into neurons and glia. He is currently utilizing this system to

of Bone and Cartilage Stem cells , once appropriately differentiated, could correct many diseases and degenerative conditions in which bone or cartilage cells are deficient in numbers or defective in function. This holds promise for treatment of